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The hidden grief of moving often

Every goodbye left a mark, even the ones no one noticed. Your losses were real, and it is never too late to grieve them.

⏱ 2 min read📑 8 sections📚 19 sources✅ Reviewed October 2026

By the numbers

How often some children move, and what research shows.

Moving

6–9 movesis about how often military-connected students move between kindergarten and high school graduation.
3×That is around three times as often as civilian children, and often across states or countries.
~1 in 5people in one long-term Scottish study had moved home three or more times as children.

Research

14studies were included in a 2022 review of TCK adjustment. Grief for people and places left behind came up again and again.

Grief without a death

You can grieve people, places and a whole way of life.

Grief is not only for death. Third culture kids describe grieving friends and teachers who leave, and longing for places and people they left behind.

Researchers describe homesickness as a kind of “mini-grief”: missing home and adjusting to a new place are two different stresses that can pile on each other.

👫 PeopleBest friends, teachers, nannies, neighbours.
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Some people were part of your daily life for years, then gone. Some you never saw again. For a child, that can feel enormous.

🏞️ PlacesA house, a street, a beach, a whole country.
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You may miss the smell of rain in one city or the sound of a market in another. Places hold memories, and losing them is a real loss.

🐾 Pets and thingsWhat could not come with you.
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Pets left behind, toys given away, a bedroom you loved. These losses can be just as painful as bigger ones, especially for children.

🗣️ Language and identityWho you were in that place.
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A language you stop speaking, a role you had at school, the version of you that lived there. Losing these can feel like losing part of yourself.

Why this grief stays hidden

When others see an adventure, not a loss.

Grief experts use the term “disenfranchised grief”, from Dr. Kenneth Doka, for grief that others overlook or don’t recognise. Moving-related grief often fits.

🌟 “You’re so lucky”Privilege can make grief feel unallowed.
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People may only see travel, adventure and opportunity. Feeling sad can then feel ungrateful. You can be thankful for your life and still grieve what it cost.

🏃 No time to grieveStraight on to the next thing.
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Moves are busy. Families are packing, starting jobs, finding schools. There may be no space to stop and feel the loss before you have to fit in somewhere new.

🕯️ No ritualNo funeral for a friendship or a country.
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Deaths have funerals and cards. Moves rarely have rituals that say “this mattered, and it is over”. Without them, grief can stay unfinished.

🔁 Too many to countEach goodbye seems small on its own.
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One move may seem manageable. Five or ten moves, each with dozens of goodbyes, can add up to a lot of loss that was never named.

How hidden grief can show up

Signs that old losses are still with you.

Some TCKs keep friendships casual. Researchers suggest this may be a way of coping with repeated loss, or may hide grief underneath.

You might notice

  • Anger or irritability that seems bigger than the moment
  • Feeling numb at goodbyes, or not feeling them at all
  • Holding people at arm’s length so it won’t hurt later
  • Restlessness or an urge to leave when things get close
  • Sudden sadness at a song, smell or photo
  • Trouble answering “Where is home?”
These are understandable ways of coping, not flaws. Naming them is the first step to choosing something different.

In one long-term study, moving often as a child was linked to more distress in the teen years. Changing schools seemed to explain much of that link, so school moves may be especially hard.

Ambiguous loss: gone, but not gone

When places and people still exist, just not in your life.

Dr. Pauline Boss named “ambiguous loss” for losses without clear endings. One kind is when someone or something is physically absent but still very present in your heart and mind, like family far away after a move.

Your old friends and old countries still exist. You could even visit. But the life you had there is gone. That in-between can make grief hard to finish, because there is no clear ending.

⚖️ “Both/and” thinkingHolding two truths at once.
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Boss suggests thinking “both/and” instead of “either/or”. This is less stressful than searching for a perfect answer.

Examples

  • “That place is part of me, and I live here now.”
  • “I miss my old friends, and I can make new ones.”
  • “I was lucky, and I lost a lot.”
🧭 Living without closureSome losses don’t fully resolve.
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Ambiguous losses may not have closure. They can still be acknowledged and supported, by people you trust or by a professional.

Ways to grieve and heal

Naming, honouring and carrying your losses.

It is never too late to grieve a move. Adults often find relief when they finally name losses from childhood.

📝 Name the lossesWrite them down, one by one.
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List each move and what you lost: people, places, pets, roles. Seeing it on paper can explain feelings you have carried for years.

✉️ Write a goodbye letterTo a friend, a house or a country.
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You can write to a place or person you never properly said goodbye to. You don’t have to send it. Say thank you, say what you miss, say goodbye.

🕯️ Create a ritualMark the ending you never had.
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  • Light a candle and look through old photos
  • Cook a meal from that place and share stories
  • Plant something for a place you miss
  • Visit, if you can, and say goodbye as an adult
🗣️ Tell your storyWith people who understand.
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Many TCKs feel they belong most with other globally mobile people. Sharing stories with others who moved a lot can make grief feel less lonely.

🌍 Keep what you lovedGrief and gratitude together.
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Grieving a place doesn’t mean letting go of it completely. Keep the language, the food, the music. They are yours.

The guide “Grief: understanding loss” has more ways to care for yourself while grieving.

How to support someone with moving grief

For parents, partners, friends and teachers.

The most helpful thing is to treat the loss as real. Helping children say goodbye and keep connections is important.

✅ What to sayWords that let grief in.
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  • “It makes sense that you miss them.”
  • “That was a big loss.”
  • “Tell me about your friend there.”
  • “You don’t have to be okay with this yet.”
🚫 What not to sayWords that make grief hide again.
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  • “At least you got to live abroad.”
  • “You’ll forget about them soon.”
  • “It’s just a move.”
  • “Other kids have it much worse.”
👨‍👩‍👧 For parents and caregiversGrieve together, out loud.
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Children take their cues from the adults around them. Saying “I’ll miss this place too” shows them grief is allowed.

The guide “Raising third culture kids: for parents and caregivers” has ideas for goodbyes and settling in.

When and where to get help

When grief feels stuck or too heavy.

Talk to someone if grief or sadness stays heavy for a long time, if you feel numb or cut off from everyone, or if it is hard to get through daily life. A therapist who understands grief and moving can help you sort through old losses.

📞 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline (U.S.)Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. Free, confidential, 24/7.
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If you are having thoughts of suicide or are in emotional distress, trained crisis counselors are there any time of day or night.

💬 Crisis Text Line (U.S.)Text HOME to 741741. Free, 24/7.
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Text with a trained volunteer from anywhere in the U.S. In Canada text 686868, and in the UK text 85258.

🌐 Outside the U.S.findahelpline.com lists free helplines in 175+ countries.
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Find A Helpline is a free directory of confidential helplines by chat, text or phone, and is recommended by the International Association for Suicide Prevention.

🎖️ Military familiesMilitary OneSource: 800-342-9647, 24/7.
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Free, short-term, confidential counseling for service members and their families. From overseas, use the international calling options on the Military OneSource site.

If you or someone else is in immediate danger, call your local emergency number. In the U.S., that is 911.

📝 Worksheets for this guide

Fill these in privately in the app. Your answers stay on your phone.

My moving lossesName the losses from each move. Go slowly, and stop if it feels like too much.
A goodbye letter to a placeWrite to a place or person you never properly said goodbye to. You do not need to send it.
My “both/and” statementsPractise holding two true things at once, instead of choosing one.
🔒 Fill in privately in the Mentally United Wellness App. Free, no ads, no accounts.

Sources

  1. Jones, Reed, Gaab & Ooi (peer-reviewed) (2022). Adjustment in Third Culture Kids: A Systematic Review of Literature (Frontiers in Psychology 13: 939044)
  2. Center for Public Research and Leadership, Columbia University, for the Military Child Education Coalition (2017). The Challenges of Supporting Highly Mobile, Military-Connected Children in School Transitions
  3. Brown, Benzeval, Gayle, Macintyre, O’Reilly & Leyland (peer-reviewed), via PubMed Central (NIH) (2012). Childhood residential mobility and health in late adolescence and adulthood: findings from the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study (Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
  4. Clinical Psychological Science (peer-reviewed) (2016). Is Homesickness a Mini-Grief? Development of a Dual Process Model (Stroebe, Schut & Nauta, Clinical Psychological Science)
  5. Hospice Foundation of America. Disenfranchised Grief: History and Contemporary Applications
  6. Journal of Marriage and Family (peer-reviewed) (2004). Ambiguous loss research, theory, and practice: Reflections after 9/11 (Boss, Journal of Marriage and Family 66(3): 551–566)
  7. AL-Hamad, Yasin, Yasin, Zhang & Ahmed (peer-reviewed), via PubMed Central (NIH) (2025). Ambiguous Loss Among Aging Migrants: A Concept Analysis- and Nursing Care-Oriented Model (Healthcare)
  8. Family Caregiver Alliance (2008). Caregiving and Ambiguous Loss (Pauline Boss)
  9. Ambiguous Loss. About Ambiguous Loss (Dr. Pauline Boss)
  10. American Foreign Service Association (AFSA) (2022). Supporting Families and Third-Culture Kids Through FS Transitions (Foreign Service Journal, July–August 2022)
  11. 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline
  12. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Help for Mental Illnesses
  13. Crisis Text Line. Crisis Text Line
  14. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Crisis Text Line (Behavioral Health Information Series)
  15. ThroughLine (Find A Helpline). Find A Helpline
  16. International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP). Crisis Centres & Helplines
  17. Military OneSource (U.S. Department of War, formerly Defense). Confidential Help
  18. Military OneSource (U.S. Department of War, formerly Defense). International Calling Options
  19. My Air Force Benefits (U.S. Air Force). Military OneSource (benefit fact sheet)

This guide is for education and self-care. It is not a diagnosis or a substitute for professional care. Please talk to a counselor or clinical provider about your health. Reviewed October 2026.

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